The series of lectures on the subject "Fundamentals of Ecology" is a textbook on this subject. It contains important basic ecological concepts that help the younger generation understand the biosphere, the role of people in it, global environmental problems, environmental laws and regulations, the basics of nature use, etc. The textbook is compiled in accordance with the requirements of the state educational standard of higher professional education and is intended for students of full-time and part-time departments of higher educational institutions, as well as those interested in general ecology.